Researchers at NASA’s Langley Research Center have a new twist on an old saying, “Look Ma, no hands,” when it comes to piloting a small plane — thanks to a partnership with The MITRE Corporation and the University of North Dakota.
The team is using a NASA Langley general aviation aircraft that was developed as a unique testbed to assess and mimic unmanned aircraft systems. Capitalizing on NASA Langley’s years of flight test experience, the Cirrus SR-22 is equipped with special cockpit technology and computer equipment loaded with automatic “sense-and-avoid” software algorithms developed by MITRE and UND.
“The Cirrus SR-22 was a perfect aircraft to develop into an unmanned aerial system surrogate,” said Frank Jones, NASA LD-CAP project manager. It already had research equipment installed onboard from a previous project, including data acquisition systems, autopilot, graphical cockpit displays, video capability and computers. After a few additional modifications we can now control the aircraft from onboard computers or from a ground station using radio links.”
During a September 2012 flight demonstration at the Grand Forks N.D., International Airport, the NASA Langley aircraft will show how technology onboard can allow it to “sense and avoid” a UND Cessna 172 “intruder” plane, being flown by university instructor pilots. The Cirrus will have a safety pilot in the cockpit, but researchers say three computer programs developed by MITRE and one by UND will automatically fly the plane.
The flight demonstration is part of the Limited Deployment — Cooperative Airspace Project (LD-CAP). It is a research project designed to help better integrate unmanned aircraft, equipped with technology, such as satellite-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast ADS-B data-link tracking, into the national air transportation system. Remotely piloted, unmanned aircraft systems are growing in popularity.
“Unmanned aircraft offer great potential, including remote firefighting, search and rescue and surveillance,” said Jones. “But their routine use in civil airspace creates technical, operational and policy challenges. We need to make sure we can safely integrate them into the national airspace and the only way to do this is to collect data to make well-informed decisions.”
LD-CAP is trying to address one of the biggest challenges — the development of a way for unmanned aircraft to sense and avoid other planes to compensate for not having a pilot on board capable of seeing and avoiding other aircraft. Automatic sense-and-avoid software includes the ability to keep aircraft safely separated from one another and to take immediate action to avoid any imminent collisions when the ground-based, remote pilot does not react.
These initial flight tests will validate work done in simulation and help engineers determine how they can design systems so that unmanned aircraft can be safely incorporated into the skies.
Follow-on testing in 2013 is expected to feature additional advanced software by MITRE and UND as well as sense-and-avoid software managed by “Timeliner,” a task automation framework developed by Draper Laboratory that is currently in use on the International Space Station.
Photo: The Cirrus SR-22 is modified to act as an unmanned aircraft. During flight tests software onboard and an experimental auto throttle (bottom right) have allowed the plane to automatically sense and avoid other air traffic. Credit: NASA/Sean Smith
Source: NASA