Robotics Researchers Design Drone to Cope with Collisions

Researchers at Arizona State University unveiled a look at the SoBAR Drone, which is an experimental iteration of a classic drone that is highlighted by its inflatable body. Due to this structure, the drone is able to bounce off of obstacles and even cling onto them depending on the circumstance.

The SoBAR drone is short for ‘soft-bodied aerial robot. It features the same electronic elements as a regular drone but the key difference is the frame. It is made from a high-strength polyurethane-coated nylon fabric material, which is able to inflate on command.

“We see drones used to assess damage from high in the sky, but they can’t really navigate through collapsed buildings,”

says Wenlong Zhang, an associate professor and robotics expert in the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at Arizona State University.

“Their rigid frames compromise resilience to collision, so bumping into posts, beams, pipes or cables in a wrecked structure is often catastrophic. They don’t recover; they crash. Drones need to physically interact with their surroundings to accomplish a range of tasks. A soft body not only absorbs impact forces to provide collision resilience; it also offers the material compliance necessary for dynamic maneuvers such as perching.”

Zhang says  need to endure knocks and jolts to achieve their potential for search and rescue operations. Toward that end, he and his lab team have designed and tested a first-of-its-kind quadrotor drone with an inflatable frame. Uniquely, it’s stiffness is tunable or adjustable to absorb and recover from unexpected taps and thumps. The results of their work have been published in the journal Soft Robotics.

“We need to change our focus on avoiding environmental contact. Drones need to physically interact with their surroundings to accomplish a range of tasks,” Zhang says. “A soft body not only absorbs impact forces to provide collision resilience; it also offers the material compliance necessary for dynamic maneuvers such as perching.”

Perching is an example of controlled collision. Birds technically collide with tree branches or other structures as they land and perch. Their compliant joints and  absorb the impact force, and a passive locking mechanism in their feet enables them to grasp onto irregular surfaces without using muscular energy to hold them in place.

Zhang and his team drew inspiration from this avian model to design a hybrid fabric-based bistable grasper for their new aerial drone. Bistable means it has two unpowered resting states: open and closed. It simply reacts to the impact of landing by snapping closed and securely gripping onto objects of various shapes and sizes.

“It can perch on pretty much anything. Also, the bistable material means it doesn’t need an actuator to provide power to hold its perch. It just closes and stays like that without consuming any energy,” Zhang says. “Then when needed, the gripper can be pneumatically retracted and the  can just take off.”

This kind of contact-reactive, unpowered perching is important for sustained operations in the field. Drones can position themselves wherever required, and then turn off their rotors to conserve battery power.

Zhang says such dynamic environmental interaction can enhance the use of drones in search and rescue operations, but also for other purposes such as monitoring , aiding military reconnaissance and even exploring the surface of other planets.

“There are so many functionalities possible with conformable, reconfigurable soft aerial robots, so we hope our work here leads to even more novel, bio-inspired designs,” Zhang says.

More information: A Soft-Bodied Aerial Robot for Collision Resilience and Contact-Reactive Perching, Soft Robotics (2023). DOI: 10.1089/soro.2022.0010

Journal information: Soft Robotics

Source: TechXplore

 

 

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